gawk \u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00
\u7279\u6027:
1 \u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f 2 \u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c 3 \u5071\u73af\u8bed\u53e5 4 \u6570\u503c\u53d8\u91cf
5 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53d8\u91cf 6\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8868\u5f0f 7\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f 8 c\u8bed\u8a00printf
9 \u534f\u8fdb\u7a0b 10 \u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362<\/p>\n
1.1 \u8bed\u6cd5
gawk [options][program][file-list]
gawk [options] -f program-file [file-list]
gawk\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u5165
\u4f7f\u7528getline\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u9009\u62e9
\u534f\u8fdb\u7a0b(coprocess)\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7fgawk\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
1.2 \u53c2\u6570
\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684program\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u6709gawk\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f
program-file\u662f\u5b58\u653egawk\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528gawk\u8981\u52a0\u5355\u5f15\u53f7
file-list\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0cgetline\u6216\u534f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n
1.3 \u9009\u9879
–field-seperator fs -F fs \u5c06fs\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u503c
–file program-file -f program-file \u5b58\u653egawk\u7a0b\u5e8f
–help -W help \u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528gawk
–lint -W lint \u5bf9\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u6216\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a
–posix -W posix \u8fd0\u884cPOSIX\u517c\u5bb9\u7248\u7684gawk
–traditional -W traditional \u5ffd\u7565gawk\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u4e0eawk\u517c\u5bb9
–assign var=value -v var=value \u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c<\/p>\n
1.4 \u6ce8\u610f
\u5f88\u591alinux\u5c06\/bin\/awk\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\/bin\/gawk\u4e0a<\/p>\n
1.5 \u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840
gawk \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u591a\u884c\u6587\u672c\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c
pattern {action}
\u6a21\u5f0f(pattern)\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u5f0f\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5bf9\u4f5c
\u5982\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cgawk\u5c06\u9009\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u52a8\u4f5cgawk\u5c06\u628a\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa <\/p>\n
1.5.1 \u6a21\u5f0f
\u7528\u659c\u6760\u628a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5305\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528
~\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f !~\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
\u7528||\u6216 &&\u6765\u7ec4\u5408\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f
\u5173\u7cfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\uff0c>\uff0c<=\uff0c>=\uff0c=\uff0c!=
BEGIN\u4e0eEND\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5728gawk\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4
\uff0c\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u9009\u53d6\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u884c\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n
1.5.2 \u52a8\u4f5c
gawk\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u9ed8\u8ba4(\u53ef\u7528{print}\u8868\u793a)\u5982\u5728print\u540e\u5e26\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\uff0cgawk\u5c06\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u5c06print\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6587\u4ef6>\u8ffd\u52a0>>\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u53d1\u7eb7\u5448\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f|
\u534f\u8fdb\u7a0b|& \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e
\u9017\u53f7\u7528\u4e8eprint\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u628a\u5404\u9879\u533a\u5206\u5f00
\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u53f7\u53ef\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1.5.3 \u6ce8\u91ca
#\u662fgawk\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7<\/p>\n
1.5.4 \u53d8\u91cf
gawk\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u52a8\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u91cf
$0 \u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55
$1-$n \u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5
FILENAME \u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
FS \u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26
NF \u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570\u76ee
NR \u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7f16\u53f7
OFS \u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26
ORS \u8f93\u51fa\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26
RS \u8f93\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/p>\n
1.5.5 \u51fd\u6570
length(str) \u8fd4\u56destr\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u6ca1\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b57\u7b26\u6570
int(num) \u8fd4\u56de num\u7684\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u5206
index(str1,str2) \u8fd4\u56destr2\u5728str1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de 0
split(str,arr,del) \u4ee5del\u505a\u5206\u9694\u7b26,\u5c06str\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4 arr\u4e2d,\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2a\u6570
sprintf(fmt,args) \u6839\u636efmt\u683c\u5f0f\u5316args\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
substr(str,pos,len) \u8fd4\u56destr \u4e2d\u4ecepos\u5f00\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3alen\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
tolower(str) \u8fd4\u56destr\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd
toupper(str) \u8fd4\u56destr\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u6210\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n
1.5.6 \u7b97\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26
*\uff0c\/\uff0c%\uff0c+\uff0c-\uff0c=\uff0c++\uff0c–\uff0c+=\uff0c-=\uff0c*=\uff0c\/=\uff0c%=<\/p>\n
1.5.7 \u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aarray[string]=value
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7279\u6b8a\u7684for\u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4
\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
for (elem in array) action
\u5728for \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0celem\u8868\u793a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\uff0carray\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0action\u4e3agawk\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728action\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528elem\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c11.6\u8282<\/p>\n
1.5.8 printf
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528printf\u6765\u4ee3\u66ffprint\u63a7\u5236gawk\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0cgawk\u7248\u7684printf\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e C
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aprintf "control-string",arg1,arg2,\u2026,argn
control-string\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86printf\u5982\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u5316arg
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728contral-string\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\/n\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6362\u884c\u7b26,\/t\u8868\u793aTAB
control-string\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u683c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u683c\u8bed\u6cd5
%[-][x[.y]]conv
\u5176\u4e2d-\u4f7fprintf\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0cx\u8868\u793a\u6700\u5c0f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5bbd\u5ea6
.y\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u4e2d\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0cconv\u8868\u793a\u6570\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
conv \u8f6c\u6362\u7c7b\u578b
d \u5341\u8fdb\u5236
e \u6307\u6570\u8868\u793a
f \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b57
g \u4f7f\u7528f\u6216e\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a
o \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u516b\u8fdb\u5236
s \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
&nb<\/p>\n
sp; x \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/p>\n
1.5.9 \u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784
1 if…else
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a(else\u53ef\u9009)
if (condition)
{commands}
[else
{commands}]
\u4f8b1\uff1aif ($5<=5000) print $0
\u4f8b2\uff1acat ifl
BEGIN {
nam="sam"
if (nam=="max")
print "name is max"
else
print "name is not max,it is",nam
}
gawk -f ifl<\/p>\n
2 while
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1awhile (condition)
{commands}
\u4f8b\uff1acat wh
BEGIN {
n=1
while (n<=5)
{
print n"^2",2**n
n++
}
}
gawk -f wh<\/p>\n
3 for
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1afor (init;condition;increment)
{commands}
\u4f8b\uff1acat forl
BEGIN {
for (n=1;n<=5;n++)
print n"^2",2**n
}
gawk -f forl<\/p>\n
\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u7684for\u7ed3\u6784
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a
for (var in array)
{commands}
\u4f8b\uff1aEND {for (name in manf) print name,manf[name]}
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u7684for \u89c11.6<\/p>\n
4 break
\u7ed3\u675ffor\u6216 while\u6700\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
5 continue
\u5c06for \u6216 while\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5e76\u65ad\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3<\/p>\n
1.6 \u793a\u4f8b
\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6587\u4ef6 \u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u9020\u5546\uff0c\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5343\u91cc\u91cc\u7a0b\u6570\u53ca\u4ef7\u683c
cat cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
<\/p>\n
\u4f8b1:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '{print}' cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u5931\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cgawk\u628a\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u884c\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
\u4f8b2:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '\/chevy\/' cars
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u7f3a\u5931\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u659c\u6760\u6307\u51fachevy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a8\u4f5cprint.\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u5305\u542bchevy\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8f93\u51fa
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u67d0\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53d1\u751f(\u6bd4\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7531bash\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\uff0c\u5bfc\u5236\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9awk\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u51fa\u9519)<\/p>\n
\u4f8b3:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '{print $3,$1}' cars
1970 plym
1990 chevy
1965 ford
1998 volvo
2003 ford
2000 chevy
1985 bmw
2001 honda
2004 ford
2002 toyota
1985 chevy
2003 ford
\u663e\u793a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5 <\/p>\n
\u4f8b4:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '\/chevy\/ {print $3,$1}' cars
1990 chevy
2000 chevy
1985 chevy
\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542bchevy\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n
\u4f8b5:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '\/h\/' cars
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
honda accord 2001 30 6000
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcdh\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4f8b6:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '$1~\/h\/' cars
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
honda accord 2001 30 6000
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u663e\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u542bh\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4f8b7:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '$1~\/^h\/' cars
honda accord 2001 30 6000
\u663e\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u662fh\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4f8b8:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '$2~\/^[tm]\/ {print $3,$2,"$"$5}' cars
1990 malibu $3000
1965 mustang $10000
2003 thundbd $10500
2000 malibu $3500
2004 taurus $17000
\u9009\u4e2d\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ee5t\u6216m\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c 1\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n
\u4f8b9:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '$3~\/5$\/ {print $3,$1,"$"$5}' cars
1965 ford $10000
1985 chevy $1550
$\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c5$\u662f\u5bf9\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c3e\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c$\u52a0\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c"$"\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1<\/p>\n
\u4f8b10:
[root@redhat Testsh]# gawk '$3==1985' cars
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u663e\u793a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a1985\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4f8b11:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '$5<=3000' cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb55\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e3000\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4f8b12:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '$5>2000 && $5<9000' cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
honda accord 2001 30 6000
\u5217\u51fa$5\u6570\u503c\u662f2000\u4e0e9000\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '$5>"2000" && $5<"9000"' cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
\u5217\u51fa$5\u6570\u503c\u662f2000\u4e0e9000\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e2000\u4e0e9000\u52a0\u4e86\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u6587\u6bd4\u8f83(\u4f7f\u7528ASCII\u6bd4\u8f83)<\/p>\n
\u4f8b13:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '\/volvo\/,\/bmw\/' cars
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
\u9009\u4e2d\u7531\u9017\u53f7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u81f4\u9017\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u9017\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u9009\u53d6\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u672b\u5c3e<\/p>\n
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500<\/p>\n
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '\/chevy\/,\/ford\/' cars
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
\u4e0a\u8fb9\u4f8b\u5b50\u5728\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u672c\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u9017\u53f7\u5f02\u519b\u7a81\u8d77\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u3002awk\u67e5\u627e\u843d\u5165chevy\u548cford\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u7ec4\u6587\u672c\u884c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf5\u884c\u5305\u542bford\uff0c\u4f46gawk\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5b83\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7b2c5\u884c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u641c\u7d22chevy<\/p>\n
\u4f8b14:
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat awk_t
BEGIN {print "make model year miles pricen"}
{print}<\/p>\n
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk -f awk_t cars
make model year miles price<\/p>\n
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7528-f \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a awk\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u4f8b15: (length\u7684\u4f7f\u7528)
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '{print length"t",$0}' cars|sort -n
21 bmw 325i 1985 115 450
22 plym fury 1970 73 2500
23 volvo s80 1998 102 9850
24 ford explor 2003 25 9500
24 toyota rav4 2002 180 750
25 chevy impata 1985 85 1550
25 chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
25 chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
25 ford taurus 2004 10 17000
25 honda accord 2001 30 6000
26 ford mustang 1965 45 10000
26 ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
\u6b64\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86length\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\uff0ct\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aTAB\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u9f50
sort -n \u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n
\u4f8b16:(NR\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u884c\u7f16\u53f7)
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk 'length>24 {print NR"t",$0}' cars
2 chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
3 ford mustang 1965 45 10000
5 ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
6 chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
8 honda accord 2001 30 6000
9 ford taurus 2004 10 17000
11 chevy impata 1985 85 1550
\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\u5927\u4e8e24\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/p>\n
\u4f8b17:
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk 'NR==2,NR==4' cars
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
\u663e\u793a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u884c
\u4f8b18: (END\u7684\u4f7f\u7528)
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk '{print}END{print "—END—"}' cars
plym fury 1970 73 2500
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevy impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
—END—
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u8f93\u5165\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u6267\u884cEND\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
\u4f8b19:
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat awk_t1
{
if ($1~\/ply\/) $1="plyssj"
if ($1~\/chev\/) $1="chevssj"
print
}
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk -f awk_t1 cars
plyssj fury 1970 73 2500
chevssj malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevssj malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevssj impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500
\u7ed9$1\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u4f8b20:(\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u7684awk\u811a\u672c)
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat if.ak
#!\/bin\/awk -f
{
if ($1~\/ply\/) $1="plyssj"
if ($1~\/chev\/) $1="chevssj"
print
}
[root@redhat Testsh]# if.ak cars
plyssj fury 1970 73 2500
chevssj malibu 1990 60 3000
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
chevssj malibu 2000 50 3500
bmw 325i 1985 115 450
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
toyota rav4 2002 180 750
chevssj impata 1985 85 1550
ford explor 2003 25 9500<\/p>\n
\u4f8b21:(printf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528)
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat if1.ak
#!\/bin\/awk -f
BEGIN{
print " Miles"
print "Make Model year (000) price"
print "——————————————-"}
{if ($1~\/ply\/) $1="plyssj"
if ($1~\/chev\/) $1="chevssj"
printf "%-10s %-8s %-5d %-5d $ %8.2fn",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5
}
[root@redhat Testsh]# if1.ak cars
\n Miles
Make Model year (000) price
——————————————-
plyssj fury 1970 73 $ 2500.00
chevssj malibu 1990 60 $ 3000.00
ford mustang 1965 45 $ 10000.00
volvo s80 1998 102 $ 9850.00
ford thundbd 2003 15 $ 10500.00
chevssj malibu 2000 50 $ 3500.00
bmw 325i 1985 115 $ 450.00
honda accord 2001 30 $ 6000.00
ford taurus 2004 10 $ 17000.00
toyota rav4 2002 180 $ 750.00
chevssj impata 1985 85 $ 1550.00
ford explor 2003 25 $ 9500.00
\u4f8b22:(\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa)
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat awk_out
\/chevy\/ {print > "chevfile"}
\/ford\/ {print > "fordfile"}
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk -f awk_out cars
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat chevfile;echo "";cat fordfile
chevy malibu 1990 60 3000
chevy malibu 2000 50 3500
chevy impata 1985 85 1550<\/p>\n
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
ford explor 2003 25 9500<\/p>\n
\u4f8b23:(\u4f7f\u7528FS )
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat find_uid
#!\/bin\/awk -f
BEGIN{FS=":"
saveit=0}
$3>saveit {saveit=$3}
END{print "Max UID is " saveit }
[root@redhat Testsh]# find_uid \/etc\/passwd
Max UID is 65534
[root@redhat Testsh]# awk -F: '{print $3}' \/etc\/passwd |sort -n|tail -5
556
557
558
559
65534<\/p>\n
\u4f8b24:
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat manuf
#!\/bin\/bash
gawk '{manuf[$1]++} END {for (name in manuf) print name,manuf[name]}' cars |sort
[root@redhat Testsh]# bash .\/manuf
bmw 1
chevy 3
ford 4
honda 1
plym 1
toyota 1
volvo 1
\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528cars\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7531\u5143\u7d20manuf[plym]\uff0cmanuf[chevy]\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u90fd\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
\u4f8b25:
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat word_usage
#!\/bin\/bash
tr -cs '[a-zA-Z]' '[n*]' < $1|gawk '{count[$1]++}END {for (item in count) printf "%-15s %-4d n", item,count[item]}'|sort +1nr +0f -1
[root@redhat Testsh]# bash .\/word_usage text.txt |head -5
the 64
is 35
of 28
a 21
and 21
\u2026\u2026
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
\u4f8b26:
[root@redhat Testsh]# cat report
#!\/bin\/bash
if [ $# == 0 ] ;then
echo "you must supply a filename"
exit 1
fi
(date;cat $1)|awk '
NR==1 {print $6,$2,$3,$4}
NR>1 {printf "%-10s%-15sn", $5,$1}'
[root@redhat Testsh]# bash .\/report cars
2009 7\u6708 30 10:55:07
2500 plym
3000 chevy
10000 ford
9850 volvo
10500 ford
3500 chevy
450 bmw
6000 honda
17000 ford
750 toyota
1550 chevy
9500 ford
\u4e00\u4e2a\u628a\u65e5\u671f\u52a0\u5165\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5
getline\u4e0e\u534f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a
1 \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2agawk\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa
[root@redhat root]# cat g4
{print NR,$0
}
[root@redhat root]# cat tt
aaaa 1111
bbbb 2222
cccc 3333
dddd 4444
[root@redhat root]# gawk -f g4 <tt
1 aaaa 1111
2 bbbb 2222
3 cccc 3333
4 dddd 4444<\/p>\n
2 \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2agawk\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa
[root@redhat root]# cat g5
{print length($1),$1
}
[root@redhat root]# cat tt
aaaa 1111
bbbb 2222
cccc 3333
dddd 4444
[root@redhat root]# gawk -f g5 <tt
4 aaaa
4 bbbb
4 cccc
4 dddd<\/p>\n
3 \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2agawk\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528cars\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u4e8e5000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa
[root@redhat root]# awk -f g5 < \/root\/Testsh\/cars
ford mustang 1965 45 10000
volvo s80 1998 102 9850
ford thundbd 2003 15 10500
honda accord 2001 30 6000
ford taurus 2004 10 17000
ford explor 2003 25 9500<\/p>\n
4 \u4f7f\u7528gawk\u6765\u5224\u65ad\/etc\/termcap\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32vt100.\u4f7f\u7528grep\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f
[root@redhat root]# cat g5
{if ($0~\/vt100\/)
num+=1
}
END{print num}
[root@redhat root]# time awk -f g5 \/etc\/termcap
174<\/p>\n
real 0m0.142s
user 0m0.140s
sys 0m0.010s<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@redhat root]# time grep -c vt100 < \/etc\/termcap
174<\/p>\n
real 0m0.317s
user 0m0.310s
sys 0m0.010s<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u662fawk\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
gawk \u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027: 1 \u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f 2 \u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c&nbs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}