{"id":102,"date":"2009-07-27T23:39:39","date_gmt":"2009-07-27T23:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kumouse.aafox.com\/?p=102"},"modified":"2009-07-27T23:39:39","modified_gmt":"2009-07-27T23:39:39","slug":"redhat-linux-9-%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%ef%bc%88%e6%9c%aa%e5%ae%8c%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/?p=102","title":{"rendered":"Redhat Linux 9 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 \uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u2026\u2026\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/div>\n

2.1 \u5f00\u673a
  linux\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8fGRUB\/LILO\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838linux kernel
  \u542f\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e \/var\/log\/dmesg
  \u6267\u884c\/sbin\/init \u8fd9\u662f\u6267\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0escript
  \u6267\u884c\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit \u811a\u672c.(\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u76f8\u5173)
  \u6267\u884c\/etc\/init \u6839\u636e \/etc\/inittab\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u6267\u884c\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d
    0 \u5173\u673a 1 \u5355\u7528\u6237 2 \u591a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 3 \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6587\u5b57\u63a5\u53e3
    4 Runlevel 5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1X11\u56fe\u5f62\u63a5\u53e3 6 \u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a
  \u7531init \u6267\u884c\u9ed8\u8ba4Runlevel\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709Scripts(\/etc\/rc.d\/rc?.d)
  \u6267\u884c\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local \u6b64\u5904\u52a0\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\u672c
  \u6267\u884c\/bin\/login
  \u6253\u5f00\u767b\u9646\u753b\u9762\uff08\u6839\u636eRunlevel\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u5b57\u63a5\u53e3\u54ce\u5440\u56fe\u5f62\u63a5\u53e3\uff09
  Runlevel\u73af\u5883Rc?.d\u91cc\u6709S\u5f00\u5934\u548cK\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u65e9\u6267\u884c
  
  \u65e0\u6cd5\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u7406
    \/boot\/grub\/grub.conf \u6216 \/etc\/lilo.conf \u6587\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef
    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/fstab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef
    \u7cfb\u7edfinit\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/inittab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8befrunlevel\u7b49
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\u5747\u53ef\u7528\u5f15\u5bfc\u76d8\u89e3\u51b3
    \u5229\u7528mkbootdisk\u547d\u4ee4\u5236\u4f5c\u5f15\u5bfc\u76d8
    uname -r \u67e5\u8be2\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n

2,2 \u5173\u673a
  \u5c06\u5173\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5728\/etc\/motd\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230
  \u5728\u5173\u673a\u524d\u6700\u597d\u5148\u4f7f\u7528sync\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u7f13\u5b58\u5199\u56de\u786c\u76d8<\/p>\n

  shutdown \u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5
    shutdown -k 5 \/attention:system will shutdown\u7cfb\u7edf5\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53ea\u63d0\u793a
    shutdown 2 attention:system will shutdown\u7cfb\u7edf2\u5206\u949f\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
    shutdown -h now \u7acb\u523b\u5173\u673a
    shutdown 9:30 \u7cfb\u7edf9:30\u5206\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
    shutdown +5 \u7cfb\u7edf5\u5206\u949f\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
    shutdown now \u7acb\u523b\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
    shutdown -r 9:30 \u7cfb\u7edf\u57289:30\u5206\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5CTRL+C\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88
    halt poweroff reboot \u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

2.3 \u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u9646<\/p>\n

  \u547d\u4ee4 su – \u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u9646\u5230root\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\u5230root
  \/etc\/nologin\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u9664root\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u9646
  \u7cfb\u7edf\u6ce8\u9500 logout<\/p>\n

2.4 Vim \u7f16\u8f91\u5668
  1\u8fdb\u5165\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f
    i \u63d2\u5165 a \u589e\u52a0 o \u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u884c
  2 \u79fb\u52a8\u5149\u6807
    \u6570\u5b570 \u79fb\u81f3\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u884c\u9996
    G \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u9996
    $ \u8be5\u884c\u884c\u5c3e
    { \u5411\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d
    } \u5411\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d
    ~ \u6539\u53d8\u5927\u5c0f\u5199
  3 \u590d\u5236\u6587\u5b57
    yy \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u884c
    yw \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57
    \u6570+yw \u5f53\u524d\u548c\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u5236
    \u6570+yy \u5f53\u524d\u884c\u548c\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u884c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u5236
    p \u7c98\u8d34
  4 \u5220\u9664\u6587\u5b57
    d+\u65b9\u5411\u952e\uff08\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5de6\u53f3\uff09
    dd \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u884c
    dw \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u5b57
    \u6570+dd \u5220\u9664\u672c\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u884c\u5171N\u884c<\/p>\n

    D \u5220\u9664\u540c\u884c\u4e2d\u5149\u6807\u540e\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26
    x \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u540e\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26
    \u6570+x \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u4e0e\u540e\u65b9\u5171\uff2e\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
    \u6570+X \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u524d\u65b9\u5171\uff2e\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
  5 \u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6cd5
    ctrl+g  \u663e\u793a\u603b\u884c\u6570\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u884c
    \u6570+G  \u8df3\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c
    r    \u53d6\u4ee3\u5b57\u7b26
    R    \u4e00\u76f4\u53d6\u4ee3\u76f4\u5230\u6309\u4e0bESC
    u    \u590d\u539f
    U    \u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u884c\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6539\u53d8
    .    \u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4
    ZZ    \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa
    %    \u68c0\u67e5\u62ec\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94
    c+\u6570+w  \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u5b57
  6 last line mode \u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4
    e+\u6587\u4ef6\u540d  \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
    n+\u6587\u4ef6\u540d  \u52a0\u8f7d\u53e6\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6
    w      \u4fdd\u5b58
    ?\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32    \u5411\u4e0a\u67e5\u627en\u65ad\u7eed
    q      \u9000\u51fa
    q!      \u5f3a\u884c\u9000\u51fa
    wq      \u5b58\u76d8\u5e76\u9000\u51fa
    set nu    \u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u884c\u9996\u52a0\u5165\u884c\u53f7
    set nonu    \u53d6\u6d88\u884c\u53f7
    \u6570+\u56de\u8f66    \u5149\u6807\u79fb\u81f3\u8be5\u884c
    \/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32    \u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/div>\n

3.3 \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
  fdisk \/dev\/\u88c5\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0
  fdisk -s \/dev\/sda \u770b\u786c\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f
  fdisk -l \u770b\u4fe1\u606f
  m \u5e2e\u52a9 L\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u503c d \u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a
  1 p\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u60c5\u51b5
  2 n \u52a0\u5165\u5206\u533a
  3 t \u9009\u5206\u533a\u7c7b\u578b
  4 w \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa q\u9000\u51fa\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58
  5 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316 mkfs -t ext3 \/dev\/sda1
  6 \u521b\u5efa\u52a0\u8f7d\u8def\u5f84 mkdir \/test
  7 \u52a0\u8f7d\u5206\u533a mount \/dev\/sda1 \/test
  8 \u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d \/etc\/fstab
    \/dev\/sda1    \/test    ext3    defanlts    1    2<\/p>\n

3.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c
  1 \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55 pwd
  2 ls
    -l \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a
    -a \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6
    -A \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec . ..
    -c \u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f
    -h \u4ee5K,M,G\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f
    -H \u540c\u4e0a\u5355\u4f4d 1000
    -i \u663e\u793ainode\u53f7
    -L \u663e\u793a\u539f\u59cb\u94fe\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f
    -m \u7528 , \u5206\u9694\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
    -n \u7528\u6237\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u548c\u7ec4\u8bad\u522b\u7801\u66ff\u6362\u540d\u79f0
    -o \u4e0d\u5217\u7ec4\u540d
    -r \u53cd\u5411\u6392\u5e8f
    -R \u9012\u5f52
    -s \u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u5757\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d
    -S \u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f
    -t \u7528\u53d8\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f
    -u \u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f
    -U \u4e0d\u6392\u5e8f
    -v \u7248\u672c\u6392\u5e8f
    -X \u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u6392\u5e8f
    –full-time \u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4
    -F \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u8fb9\u52a0\u7b26\u53f7
    
  3 \u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362 cd<\/p>\n

  4 cp mv rm
    cp:\u590d\u5236
      -a  \u4e0e-dpR\u76f8\u540c
      -b  \u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u5907\u4efd
      -d &<\/p>\n

nbsp;\u5982\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5
      -f  \u5f3a\u884c\u590d\u5236
      -i  \u8986\u76d6\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8be2\u95ee
      -l  \u5efa\u7acb\u786c\u94fe\u63a5
      -p  \u4fdd\u5b58\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5c5e\u6027
      -r(R)  \u9012\u5f52
      -s  \u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5
      -S  \u4fee\u6539\u5907\u4efd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
      -u  \u6bd4\u8f83\u66f4\u65b0
      -v  \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b
      -x  \u5904\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
    mv:\u79fb\u8fd0\u4e0e\u66f4\u540d
      -b  -f  -i  -S  -u  -v \u610f\u4e49\u540c\u4e0a
    rm:\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6
      -d  \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u786c\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f9e\u5fc5\u987b\u7528fsck\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8
      -f  -i  -r  -v  \u610f\u4e49\u540ccp
\u4f8b\uff1acp -ax \/test1 \/test2  \u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/p>\n

  5 \u76ee\u5f55\u65b0\u589e\u4e0e\u5220\u9664 mkdir rmdir
    \u4f8b:  mkdir \/test \u5efa\u7acbtest\u76ee\u5f55
      rm -rf \/test \u5220\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811
      rmdir \/fax \u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

  6 \u521b\u5efa\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6 ln
    -b  \u5220\u9664\u524d\u5148\u5907\u4efd
    -d  \u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3a\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff09
    -f  \u5f3a\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u786c\u94fe\u63a5
    -i  \u5148\u8be2\u95ee
    -n  \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5f85
    -s  \u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5
    -S  \u5907\u4efd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\u6216\u8de8\u6247\u533a<\/p>\n

  7 \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9 cat
    -A  \u4e0e-vET\u76f8\u540c
    -b  \u5728\u975e\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u524d\u52a0\u7f16\u53f7
    -e  \u4e0e-vE\u76f8\u540c
    -E  \u6bcf\u884c\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a$
    -n  \u6bcf\u884c\u52a0\u7f16\u53f7\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u767d\u884c
    -s  \u5f53\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a
    -t  \u540c-vT
    -T  TAB\u4ee5"^I"\u8868\u793a
    -v  \u9664\u6362\u884c\u548cTAB\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5^\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7528M-\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n

  8 \u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9 more
    -s  \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u884c
    -<\u884c\u6570>  \u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570
    +\/<\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32>  \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
    +<\u884c\u6570>  \u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n

  9 \u4ea4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9 less<\/p>\n

  10 \u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b file
    -f<>    \u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u6587\u4ef6
    -L    \u663e\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7c7b\u522b
    -m<\u9b54\u6cd5\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6>  \/usr\/share
    -z    \u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u8bfb\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

  11 \u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7a7a\u524d\u9762\u4e0e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206 head tail
    head
      -c<\u663e\u793a\u6570\u76ee>    byte\u8ba1\u7b97
        b=512  k=1024  m=1048576
      -n<\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570>    \u6216 -<\u884c\u6570>
    tail
      \u540c\u4e0a
      +<\u6570\u76ee>    \u4ece\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u5230\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/p>\n

3.5 \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5
  1 \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539 chmod
    -R  \u9012\u5f52
    -v   \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

  2 \u53d8\u66f4\u62e5\u6709\u8005 chown
    -R \u9012\u5f52
    \u4f8b\uff1achown root.root \/root\/ssj<\/p>\n

  3 \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u5c4f\u853d umask
    -S\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a
      \u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a0666    \u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a0777    \u5982\u5c4f\u853d\u4e3a0022
      0666-0022=0664=-rw-r–r–<\/p>\n

3.6 I\/O\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u5411\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053
  1 linux\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u5171\u67093\u79cd\u5f62\u6001
    \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165(stdin) \u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u6216\u6587\u4ef6
    \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa(stdout) \u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u6216\u5c4f\u5e55
    \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa(stderr)
  
  2 \u8f93\u51fa\u5bfc\u5411 >
    \u4f8b\uff1als -al \/etc > \/test1\/etc.txt<\/p>\n

  3 \u9644\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa\u5bfc\u5411<\/p>\n

  4 \u8f93\u5165\u5bfc\u5411 <<\/p>\n

  5 \u9644\u52a0\u8f93\u5165\u5bfc\u5411 <<
    \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6
    \u4f8b\uff1a#mail shashijie@qq.com << quit
      >test
      >quit
      #
  6 \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u5bfc\u5411 &><\/p>\n

  7 \u7ba1\u9053 pipe
    \u5c06\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5f53\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165
    \u4f8b\uff1a #ll \/etc | less \u6216 #ll \/etc | more<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406<\/div>\n

4.1 \u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177
  1 \u8f6c\u6362\u8f6f\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u2014dd
    \u5c06\u8f6f\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u6210\u6587\u4ef6
      dd if=\/dev\/fd0 of=file
    \u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u8f6f\u76d8
      dd if=boot.img of=\/dev\/fd0 bs=1440k
    \u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199 (\u5c0f\u5230\u5927) ucase \u5c0f->\u5927 lcase \u5927->\u5c0f
      dd if=.\/text1 of=.\/test2 conv=ucase<\/p>\n

  2 \u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014du
    -a  \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f
    -h  \u4ee5K M G \u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f
    -m  \u4ee51M\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8ba1\u7b97
    -s  \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u603b\u8ba1<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\uff1a[root@redhat Testsh]# du
      20 .
      [root@redhat Testsh]# du -ah
      4.0K .\/Recursive.sh
      4.0K .\/tmp.sh
      4.0K .\/Fibonacci_while.sh
      4.0K .\/Fibonacci_recursive.sh
      20K .
      [root@redhat Testsh]# du -am
      1 .\/Recursive.sh
      1 .\/tmp.sh
      1 .\/Fibonacci_while.sh
      1 .\/Fibonacci_recursive.sh
      1 .<\/p>\n

  3 \u68c0\u67e5ext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf e2fsck
    -c    \u4e00\u5e76\u6267\u884cbadblocks,\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u574f\u5757
    -f    \u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u67e5
    -F    \u5148\u6e05\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u518d\u68c0\u67e5
    -j&l<\/p>\n

t;>    \u65e5\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7f6e
    -t    \u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f
    -l<\u6587\u4ef6>  \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u5757\u52a0\u5165\u635f\u574f\u5757\u5217\u8868
    -L    \u540c\u6b65
    -n    \u53ea\u8bfb NO\u56de\u7b54
    -y    yes\u56de\u7b54
    -p    \u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u590d
    \u4f8b\uff1a
      e2fsck \/dev\/sdc1  \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e
      e2fsck -j ext3 -p \/dev\/sdc1  \u68c0\u67e5ext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u884c\u4fee\u590d
      e2fsck -j ext3 -c \/dev\/sdc1  \u68c0\u67e5ext3\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u5e76\u6267\u884cbadblocks\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u635f      \u6bc1\u5757
      e2fsck -j ext3 -f \/dev\/sdc1  \u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u67e5\u6b63\u786e\u6027
      e2fsck -j ext3 -f -t \/dev\/sdc1  \u540c\u4e0a+\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f
      e2fsck -j ext3 -l badblockslist \/dev\/sdc1    \u68c0\u67e5\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06badblockslist\u4e2d\u6307      \u5b9a\u7684\u5757\u52a0\u5230\u635f\u6bc1\u5757\u5217\u8868\u4e2d
      e2fsck -L badblockslist \/dev\/sdc1  \u68c0\u67e5\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u635f\u6bc1\u5757\u5217\u8868\u8bbe\u6210\u4e0e          badblockslist\u4e00\u81f4
      e2fsck -F \/dev\/sdc1    \u5148\u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u518d\u68c0\u67e5
      e2fsck -y \/dev\/sdc1    \u975e\u4e92\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5yes\u56de\u7b54
      e2fsck -n \/dev\/sdc1    \u975e\u4e92\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5NO\u56de\u7b54
    \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a0 \u65e0\u9519\u8bef 1 \u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63 2 \u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u5378\u8f7d\u987b\u91cd\u542f
        4 \u6709\u9519\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4fee\u6b63 8 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef 16 \u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519 128\u5171\u4eab\u51fd\u6570\u9519
  4 \u521b\u5efaext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014mke2fs
    -b  \u6307\u5b9a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f
    -c  \u68c0\u67e5\u6709\u65e0\u635f\u6bc1\u5757
    -F  \u4e0d\u7ba1\u8bbe\u5907\u5f3a\u5236mke2fs
    -i  \u6307\u5b9ainode\u5757\u5927\u5c0f
    -j  \u5efa\u7acbext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
    -N  \u6307\u5b9ainode\u6570\u76ee
    -l<\u6587\u4ef6>    \u6307\u5b9a\u635f\u6bc1\u5757\u4fe1\u606f
    -L<\u6807\u7b7e>
    -m<\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u503c>  \u6307\u5b9a\u7ed9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b \u9ed8\u8ba45%
    -r   \u6307\u5b9aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c
    -S  \u4ec5\u5199\u5165superblock\u4e0egroup descriptors
    -v  \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u6267\u884c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

4.2 \u7cfb\u7edf\u52a0\u8f7d\u2014mount
    -a  \u52a0\u8f7d\/etc\/fstab \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907
    -o<\u9009\u9879>    exec \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6
          noexec \u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c
          nouser  \u975e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d
          ro  \u53ea\u8bfb
          rw  \u53ef\u8bfb\u5199
          remount  \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d
    -r \u53ea\u8bfb\u52a0\u8f7d
    -t<\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b><\/p>\n

  \u5378\u8f7d\u2014umount<\/p>\n

4.3 \u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406
  1 \u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/fstab
    \u4f8b\uff1aLABEL=\/home\/home  ext3  defaults  usrquota,grpquota  1  2
      usrquota:\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4
      grpquota:\u9650\u5236\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4
  
  2 \u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a
    \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528: mount -o remount \/dev\/sdc1
    \/etc\/fstab \u4e0e \/etc\/mtab<\/p>\n

  3 \u6267\u884c quotacheck
    -a  \u626b\u63cf\/etc\/fstab\u91cc\u52a0\u5165quota\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u533a
    -c  \u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684aquota\u5e93,\u91cd\u65b0\u626b\u63cf\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8
    -d  \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b
    -g  \u626b\u63cf\u65f6,\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u5e76\u5efa\u7acbquota.group
    -m  \u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c
    -R  \u6392\u9664\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u914d\u5408-a\u4f7f\u7528
    -u  \u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acbquota.user
    -v  \u663e\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b:quota -avguc<\/p>\n

  4 edquota\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91aquota.group\u4e0eaquota.user
    -g  \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236
    -p  \u590d\u5236\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7ec4\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7ec4
    -t  \u8c03\u534f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfsoft time\u9650\u5236
    -u  \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684quota(\u9ed8\u8ba4)
    \u4f8b\uff1aedquota ssj  \u8bbe\u7f6essj\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4
      edquota -t  \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edfsoft time(\u5185\u5b9a7days \u53ef\u4ee5\u662fdays,hours minutes,seconds)
      edquota -p root ssj    \u628aroot\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u590d\u5236\u7ed9ssj
      edquota -p root -g grouptest    \u628aroot\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u590d\u5236\u7ed9grouptest\u7ec4
      edquota -g grouptest    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4\u914d\u989d
  5 \u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u5173\u95edquota
    \u542f\u52a8\uff1aquotaon
      -a  \u6253\u5f00\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684
      -g  \u6253\u5f00\u7ec4\u7684
      -u  \u6253\u5f00\u7528\u6237\u7684(\u9ed8\u8ba4)
      -v  \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b
    \u4f8b\uff1aquotaon -av  \u6253\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u9650\u5236
    
    \u5173\u95ed\uff1aquotaoff
      -a  \u5173\u95ed\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684
      -g  \u5173\u95ed\u7ec4\u7684
      -u  \u5173\u95ed\u7528\u6237\u7684(\u9ed8\u8ba4)
      -v  \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u9650\u5236\uff1arepquota
      -a  \u67e5\u770b\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684
      -g  \u67e5\u770b\u7ec4\u7684
      -u  \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684(\u9ed8\u8ba4)
      -v  \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b
    \u4f8b\uff1arepquota -augv | less<\/p>\n

4.4 \u8f6f\u9a71\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
  1 \u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d
    \u4f8b\uff1amount \/mnt\/floppy    (\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u8bbe\u5907\u540d)<\/p>\n

  2 \u8f6f\u9a71\u547d\u4ee4\u2014mtools
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u76d8\u7b26\u4ee3\u66ff\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u5728\/etc\/mtools.conf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e
    \u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7mtools \u6765\u770b<\/p>\n

  3 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316
    \u4f8b1\uff1amformat a:
    \u4f8b2\uff1amke2fs \/dev\/fd0<\/p>\n

4.5 \u5149\u76d8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
  1 \u52a0\u8f7d\uff1a
    mount \/mnt\/cdrom<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/div>\n

5.1 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4<\/p>\n

\u8d26\u53f7
  1 \u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6237
  2 \u6807\u51c6\u7ec4<\/p>\n

5.2 \u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\/etc\/passwd
  \/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6
  \/etc\/login.defs  \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49<\/p>\n

5.3 \u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\/etc\/group
  \/etc\/gshadow<\/p>\n

5.4 \u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u65b0\u589e\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7
  \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u524d\u6700\u597d\u7528finger\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8d26\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728
  1 \u589e\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff1auseradd
    -c<\u5907\u6ce8>  
    -d<\u767b\u9646\u76ee\u5f55>
    -e<\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650>      \u6708\u4efd\/\u65e5\u671f\/\u5e74\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d
    -f<\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570>      \u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u5173\u95ed
    -g          \u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4
    -G          \u6307\u5b9a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4
    -m          \u5efa\u7acb\u767b\u9646\u76ee\u5f55
    -M          \u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u767b\u9646\u76ee\u5f55
    -n          \u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u540d
    -r          \u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7
    -s<shell>        \u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell
    -u          \u6307\u5b9auid<\/p>\n

  2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1apasswd
    -d  \u5220\u9664\u5bc6\u7801(root\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684)
    -f  \u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4e0e-u\u4e00\u8d77\u7528
    -u  \u89e3\u5f00\u4ee5\u5df2\u4e0a\u9501\u7684\u8d26\u53f7
    -k  \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u540e\u65b9\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0
    -l  \u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7(root\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528)
    -S  \u5217\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f
    \u4f8b\uff1apasswd  \u53d8\u66f4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801
    \u5982\u8981\u89e3\u5f00\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-u\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-f<\/p>\n

  3\u4fee\u6539\u8d26\u53f7\u5185\uff1ausermod
    -c<\u5907\u6ce8>  
    -d<\u767b\u9646\u76ee\u5f55>
    -e<\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650>      \u6708\u4efd\/\u65e5\u671f\/\u5e74\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d
    -f<\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570>      \u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u5173\u95ed
    -g          \u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4
    -G          \u6307\u5b9a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4
    -u          \u6307\u5b9auid<\/p>\n

5.5 \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406
  \u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684passwd<\/p>\n

5.6 \u65b0\u589e\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7
  1 \u589e\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1agroupadd
    -f  \u5f3a\u5236\u5efa\u7acb
    -g  \u8bbe\u5b9a\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801
    -o  \u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u4e0e-g\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528
    -r  \u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4
  \u4f8b\uff1agroupadd test
    groupadd -g 700 test<\/p>\n

  2 \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\uff1agroupmod
    -g  \u8bbe\u5b9a\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801
    -n  \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4\u540d
    -o  \u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801
  \u4f8b\uff1agroupmod newname oldname<\/p>\n

5.7 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7
  \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8981\u683c\u5916\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5982\u4e0b
  1 \u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55
  2 \u5728\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5f55
  3 \u5728\/etc\/group\u5220\u9664\u540c\u540d\u8bb0\u5f55
  4 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55
  5 \u5220\u9664\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6 \/var\/spool\/mail\/username
  6 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u7a0b\u5e8f
    ps -aux | grep "test"
    kill pid
  7 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237crontab
    rm \/var\/spool\/cron\/username
    \u6216 \/usr\/bin\/crontab -u username -d
  8 \u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7
    groupdel groupname<\/p>\n

5.8 \u65b0\u589e\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7
  \u7565<\/p>\n

5.9 \u7ba1\u7406\u5e10\u53f7\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4
  1 \u663e\u793a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d
    whoami \u6216 id -un
  2 \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u767b\u9646\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u2014w
  3 \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u767b\u9646\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u2014who
    ami    \u4e0ewhoami\u76f8\u540c
    -b    \u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u8fd1\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4
    -d    \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f
    -i    \u663e\u793a\u95f2\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4
    -q    \u663e\u793a\u603b\u4eba\u6570
    -r    \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/p>\n

  4 \u641c\u5bfb\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u2014finger
  5 \u6539\u53d8finger\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u2014chfn
    chfn ssj1
  6 \u4f20\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u767b\u9646\u7528\u6237\u2014write
    write ssj3
    >who are you?
    CTRL+C<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 2.1 \u5f00\u673a  linux\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8fGRUB\/LILO\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838linux kerne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kumouse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}